Post nasal drip is a common symptom of nasal and sinus irritation, swallowing or throat disorders, and respiratory ailments. In a nutshell, abnormal mucus secretions cause a constant dripping or sensation of a lump in the throat. Here is a look at the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments of post nasal drip.
Causes
The sinus and respiratory system are lined with mucus glands run by the parasympathetic nervous system to keep the nasal passages clean, move out dust and dirt, and provide hydration. Sometimes, the mucus becomes thicker or thinner than normal: rather than barely noticing the presence of mucus in the sinuses, you may notice a chronic sensation of mucus dripping and tickling the throat. Sometimes, instead, it feels as if there is a knot in your throat because of an accumulation of thick mucus.
Chronic sinus conditions, short term respiratory illnesses, swallowing disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), inhalation of chemical irritants, and anatomical abnormalities like a deviated septum can all change the way mucus is produced or interrupt the normal disposal of mucus down the throat, causing post nasal drip.
Symptoms
Even though post nasal drip is only a symptom, there are also symptoms that arise from post nasal drip. The throat often becomes sore and irritated, and the tonsils and other sinus and nasal tissues may become inflamed. Swollen tonsils are often part of the sensation of having something stuck in your throat because of post nasal drip.
Constant throat clearing in an attempt to move mucus may be evident. Some people experience a chronic cough or hoarseness as well. Halitosis and a stuffy nose often accompany post nasal drip. Since it so often arises from respiratory issues, symptoms that tend to go hand in hand with post nasal drip include itchy or watery eyes, congestion, an itchy nose, and other sinus related symptoms.
Diagnosis
Diagnosing post nasal drip requires quite a series of tests. An ear, nose, and throat specialist (otolaryngologist) will inquire into your medical history and perform a physical exam, specifically looking at your ears, nose, and throat. A sample of mucus may be sent to a pathologist to check for pathogens. Radiographs, a fiberoptic endoscopy (a small tube sent down the throat with a tiny camera or microscope attached that allows a better view of throat anatomy, including the vocal cords) may be necessary. Alternative specialists may be needed with the presence of gastroesophageal reflux disease or dysphagia (swallowing disorder).
Treatment
If post nasal drip is only temporary, at home treatments may be sufficient. Running a humidifier, especially during sleep, can help keep the nasal tissues hydrated and decrease mucus-enhancing inflammation. Antihistamines, decongestants, and sinus medications may help prevent mucus production by interfering with the parasympathetic nerve system’s signals. Saline nasal sprays and nasal irrigators (such as a neti pot) are often useful as well.
If a bacterial infection is causing the congestion, antibiotics will be necessary. GERD may be managed by medication to control stomach acid, while certain exercises and swallowing techniques as recommended by a speech pathologist can be helpful for swallowing disorders. For chronic sinus issues, endoscopic sinus surgery can enlarge the passages that connect the nose and sinuses, improving drainage. If you have chronic post nasal drip, talk to your doctor or a specialist.
