Vitamins are classified into two groups: water-soluble or fat-soluble. The difference between the two groups determines how the vitamin is absorbed by, stored in, and lost from the body.
What are water-soluble vitamins?
Water-soluble vitamins consist of vitamins B and C. They are vitamins that dissolve in water when ingested. Although water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body’s tissue, they are not stored within the body. Because these vitamins cannot be stored, the body needs an adequate supply of them daily. Vitamins B and C are regularly found in plants, animal foods, and dietary supplements.
When water-soluble vitamins are taken in excess, the kidneys remove what the body can’t use through urine. However, it is wrong to assume that the body will automatically flush out extreme doses of water-soluble vitamins. For instance, kidney stones may result from an excess amount of Vitamin C.
What are fat-soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins. These vitamins dissolve in fat when ingested. Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in body tissues—specifically the liver. The body will use the amount it needs at the time, and store the rest. The vitamins are critical for regular metabolism and biochemical functions. Fat-soluble vitamins are found in various foods and supplements.
Fat-soluble vitamins are lost from the body at a slower rate than water-soluble vitamins. Because fat-soluble vitamins accumulate in the body over long periods of time, they pose a greater risk of causing toxicity. Excess amounts can lead to toxic levels that can damage the organs.
