Trigger points are most often associated with a condition called myofascial pain syndrome. In essence, injury or some other issue occurs to cause a trigger point, which then causes pain in a specific area (generally a single muscle or a group of muscles). Here’s a little more information about trigger points.
Understanding the Fascia
Trigger points are an injury to the fascia. The fascia is a weblike structure that surrounds not only the muscular system, but also several major organs. The fascia is very flexible, made of collagen, and is not visible using any imaging techniques. This makes diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome or the presence of a trigger point quite tricky. When the injury occurs, it damages the fascia, which then loses its normally supple attribute. From this spot, the fascia then pulls at the nearby muscles it surrounds. Some experts suggest about 2000 pounds of pressure may be pushing on the injured area in some cases.
Causes of Trigger Points
The trigger points that arise to cause myofascial pain have a myriad of causes. Many of these share the common characteristic of ultimately being categorized as a type of strain or injury. Not using the muscle group enough can develop a trigger point. Conversely, development may be acute when overusing the muscle in the immediate area, or a trigger point may develop following repetitive movements. Even poor posture can create a trigger point. Some studies show cold environments may increase the chances of developing trigger points in this way. Trigger points in the back may develop because of damage to the discs between vertebrae. Additionally, certain infections or medical conditions may influence the development of trigger points, including:
- Some stomach issues
- Insufficient sleep
- Lack of certain key nutrients
- Anemia
- Hypothyroidism
- Hypoglycemia
- Radiculopathy
- Visceral diseases
- Hyperuricemia
- Depression
Symptoms of Trigger Points
Once a trigger point develops, the main symptom it presents is pain. Oddly enough, however, this pain doesn’t necessarily occur at the location of the trigger point. Trigger points cause what is called “referred pain.” An ongoing, deep-seated ache begins, as the trigger point “refers” pain all over the muscle or muscle group with which it is connected. In some instances, when you are dealing with more than one trigger point, a new one trigger point may form that essentially cancels out the old one; pain still occurs in the muscle group, however, as the new trigger point may still be connected with that particular muscle group. Multiple trigger points may be present at once. They may interfere with sleep, particularly when present in the back, as this can cause difficulties finding comfortable positions.
Diagnosing Trigger Points
Again, diagnosing trigger points can be difficult since they do not show up on imaging tests. However, one particular imaging test, infrared or liquid crystal thermography, can be suggestive of their presence because of an increase of blood flow at that spot. Additionally, other imaging tests may be used to rule out conditions that might also be the cause of your pain. Your doctor may also order blood work to diagnose any medical conditions, particularly those associated with the development of trigger points and myofascial pain. A physical exam can also be used as a means of determining the presence of trigger points. Some poking and prodding can cause certain reactions, like a twitch, because if a trigger point is touched in a particular way it responds in a particular way. If you suspect you have a trigger point that may lead to myofascial pain syndrome, talk to your doctor about the appropriate steps to take.
