Sciatic nerve pain, also known as sciatica, occurs when the sciatic nerve (which runs from the nerve roots at the base of the spine, all the way down through the legs and into the feet) roots get irritated. Pain, numbness, weakness, or tingling may occur in one spot or through the length of the nerve, although usually only on one side.
This can happen because of bulging or herniated disks, a narrowed spinal column (spinal stenosis), bone spurs, or a pinched nerve in the lower back, among other things. In nearly 80% of cases, sciatica goes away in less than six weeks through treatment at home.
Medication
For mild cases, simply taking a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (like aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen) will reduce the inflammation in the nerve enough to bring relief. Sometimes, a muscle relaxant will be prescribed in tandem with an over the counter NSAID, to help loosen the surrounding muscles at the same time.
More severe cases or those that last more than six weeks may require pain management with opiates or narcotic pain patches. Anticonvulsants and tricyclic antidepressants are also effective for this condition, as they block the messages the body sends to the brain and increase the endorphins produced in the brain (which relieve pain and elevate mood), respectively. NSAIDs are generally preferred when they are successful, as prescriptions such as these can be very addictive, and may cause constipation, weight gain, and dizziness, among other things. However, even NSAIDs can cause problems in large quantities or for extended periods of time, as they can change the acidity levels in the stomach, which can cause irritation, especially for those with ulcers.
Exercise
Since a sedentary lifestyle is a leading risk factor for developing sciatic nerve pain, even though it feels nearly impossible, short, gentle walks can be extremely helpful for relief. Sitting down often makes the sensations worse, so it should be avoided when possible. Standing may be easier, or it may not—each case is different. Lying down usually provides the most relief, as it takes the weight and strain off of back, legs, and feet.
Light yoga has been an effective method of exercise, as well. Yoga focuses on strengthening and relaxing the muscles, improving flexibility, and increasing stamina, all of which are beneficial for the relief and prevention of sciatica.
Heat and Cold
Both heating pads and cooling packs provide relief for some people, although there is no definite proof that it improves this particular kind of pain. Heating pads should be on low or medium levels, and neither should be used for more than 10 to 20 minutes at a time every few hours. Warm baths or showers also help, as both kinds of heat relax the muscles in the area, which then relieves strain and pressure on the nerve endings. The cold provides a numbing sensation, which is often very desirable during periods of intense pain.
Extreme Treatments
Through rest and careful activity, sciatic nerve pain often takes care of itself. Sometimes, however, more extreme options may be necessary. Acupuncture, physical therapy, and osteopathic manipulation are other options for trying to cure the damage. Periodic steroid injections may also help strengthen muscles enough to relieve damage, as well as providing energy to combat the discomfort. As a last resort, surgery may be necessary. Your doctor can help you figure out what the best course of action is for you.
