Pressure ulcers, commonly referred to as bed sores, are caused by prolonged pressure on your skin. They can be difficult to treat, but luckily they are easy to prevent. Follow these preventive methods to reduce your risk of developing a pressure ulcer.
Repositioning
In Wheelchairs
Preventing pressure ulcers requires repositioning yourself frequently. If you use a wheelchair, shift your weight every 15 minutes and, if needed, get help with repositioning once every hour. If you’re able to, do wheelchair pushups. This involves raising your body off the seat by pushing on the arms of the chair.
You should use a cushion that reduces pressure and helps support your body in a correct position. A physical therapist can advise you on which type of cushion is right for you.
In Bed
If you’re confined to a bed, you should reposition yourself regularly—every 2 hours. A device such as a trapeze bar can help you reposition, if you have upper body strength. If you need help, caregivers can use bed linens to lift and reposition you, reducing friction and shearing.
A specialized mattress can provide you with support and help with positioning, pressure relief, and protect sensitive areas of your skin. You can also elevate the head of your bed, if possible, but don’t raise it more than 30 degrees.
Use cushions in bed to protect bony areas. For example, don’t lie directly on your hip, but rather, lie at an angle with cushions supporting your back. Cushions are also great for relieving pressure between your knee and ankles.
Skin Care
You’ll want to closely monitor the condition of your skin when it comes to preventing pressure ulcers. Check your skin daily for ulcers, because if they’re identified in an early stage, they can be treated before they worsen.
To keep your skin clean, use a mild soap and warm water or a no-rinse cleanser. Gently pat your skin dry after cleaning. Apply lotion to dry skin and use talcum powder on skin that’s vulnerable to excess moisture. Bedding and clothing should be changed regularly—don’t wear anything that can irritate your skin.
Managing Incontinence
Urinary and bowel incontinence can expose your skin to moisture and bacteria. To prevent this, you may need to schedule help with urinating, diaper changes, applying protective lotions on healthy skin, or urinary catheters, rectal tubes catheters, and rectal tubes.
Good Nutrition
Your diet can help prevent bed sores, so your doctor may suggest an increase in calorie intake, fluids, protein, vitamins and minerals. Your doctor may also recommend that you take dietary supplements including vitamin C and zinc.
Staying Active
Prolonged pressure on your skin is often due to immobility, so try to stay as active as possible. You can maintain healthy body and skin by partaking in daily exercises that match your abilities. A physical therapist can work with you to design an appropriate exercise program that can improve your blood flow, build up muscle tissue, increase appetite, and strengthen your body.
