Coronary artery disease (CAD), also known as atherosclerotic heart disease, is one of the most common causes of fatalities in the United States. It can cause difficulty breathing, angina, and even a heart attack; these are often the first signs of its presence. Most doctors, however, recognize the importance of early testing when multiple risk factors are present. Here’s a look at how to prevent CAD.
What is CAD?
CAD stems from the presence of atherosclerosis—diet, activity levels, cigarette smoking, stress, and underlying heart conditions can all contribute to its presence. Atherosclerosis is the presence of plaque in the arteries. Plaque is composed of fats, cholesterol, calcium, and other cellular bits and debris that form a waxy substance in the veins. Over many years, it becomes more and more difficult for blood to flow properly through the arteries; when this reaches the coronary arteries, those that bring a fresh supply of oxygen to the heart, CAD develops.
Atherosclerosis and CAD are dangerous not only because of the stifling of blood flow, but also because the plaque itself can rupture, or burst. The body tries to “repair” the rupture and forms a clot in the vein on the plaque. These clots often cut off blood flow through that artery completely which can cause a heart attack.
Implement Lifestyle Changes
The same method often used to treat CAD—healthy living—is the most effective method of prevention. Don’t smoke cigarettes. Make sure to find time to fit physical activity into your schedule, as a sedentary lifestyle is another prime risk factor. Additionally, it is exceptionally important to eat a healthy diet. Opt for low sodium, low fat, good cholesterol foods: whole wheats, a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables, and lean meats are some of the best options. Together, these will help ensure another means of prevention—maintaining a healthy weight. Obesity is not only a risk factor itself, but also often worsens other risks factors. Learn to manage stress effectively.
Treat Underlying Diseases
Some disorders, like diabetes and other cardiovascular diseases, can make the chances of developing CAD worse. Make sure to take care of these if they develop. Treat high blood pressure or cholesterol if present. There are no fancy tricks or magic secrets to ensuring the health of your heart and arteries. In fact, good diet and exercise is not just good for the heart. These things can help keep the whole body healthier, which in turn will help you manage illness and stress more effectively.
