Mitral valve prolapse is a heart condition characterized by an abnormality of the leaflets or annulus of the mitral valve. The mitral valve connects the left atrium of the heart to the left ventricle, and allows blood to flow into the bottom chamber of the heart. Although MVP rarely causes any symptoms, it is possible. These symptoms can grow worse over the years, eventually causing serious heart problems -- particularly if mitral valve regurgitation (blood flows backward into the atrium) occurs. Here’s a look at how mitral valve prolapse is diagnosed.
Symptomatic Diagnosis
The best option for diagnosing mitral valve prolapse is an echocardiogram. An echocardiogram is an imaging test that creates a moving image in real time of the heart’s anatomy. A transesophageal echocardiogram uses a thin tube in the esophagus to get closer to the heart, thus creating a clearer picture. Doppler ultrasound may be used so that in addition to being able to see how the heart’s chambers and valves are working and what they look like, it also allows doctors to see if there are any areas of abnormal contraction that can indicate an issue with blood flow or other problematic damage. Additionally, any blood regurgitation that might be occurring will be noticeable. Ultrasounds work by using a particular frequency of sound waves and using the echoes created to form a picture.
A stress test may also be necessary. In this, your doctor will instruct you to exercise or use medication that increases the heart rate during the echocardiogram. In this way, your heart’s endurance is also tested to see if blood flow changes, which can be an indication of heart disease.
An electrocardiogram involves the attachment of probes to your chest that then pick up and record the electrical signals your heart puts out. This is especially useful if you have been experiencing any heart palpitations or arrhythmias that may be causing issues. These signals also suggest irregularities of the heart’s structure -- such as MVP. Chest X-rays may also be necessary to see if your heart has enlarged.
Secondary Diagnosis
Some heart conditions require a coronary angiogram and cardiac catheterization. In this procedure, doctors use imaging techniques to guide a catheter is sent through one of the larger veins of the body, often the groin, up to the heart. A special dye is then injected to make the cardiac blood vessels obvious so that your doctor can check for abnormalities. In some cases, MVP is noticed during this procedure, essentially by accident. However, according to the Mayo Clinic, coronary angiogram and cardiac catheterization may be used if there are disagreements amongst other diagnostic testing regarding MVP. Furthermore, if your MVP and/or mitral valve regurgitation require surgical treatment, such as a valve repair or replacement, it will likely be necessary for you to have this diagnostic procedure performed to see if any signs of coronary artery disease are present.
If you need mitral valve surgery or suspect you may have a mitral valve prolapse, talk to your doctor about the best diagnostic options for you.
