Gastroesophageal reflux disease, more commonly referred to as GERD, is a condition that occurs in the esophagus. While some people may suffer from occasional bouts of heartburn, those who suffer from GERD experience similar symptoms on a chronic level.
Gastroesophageal reflux means contents of the stomach are pushed into the esophagus due to a weak or improperly closing lower esophageal sphincter.
Why Reflux Occurs
Where the stomach and the esophagus meet is a small opening called a sphincter. When this sphincter does not close properly or opens easily, contents of the stomach can easily flow back into the esophagus, causing a burning sensation. The weakened state of the sphincter occurs for various reasons, and the severity of the condition will depend upon the sphincter's weakness.
Hiatal Hernia
The muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen is called the diaphragm. When a part of the upper stomach is pushed through the diaphragm and becomes trapped, it is referred to as a hiatal hernia. This is a common condition, and while not everyone who has a hiatal hernia has GERD, the hernia can make it easier for the contents of the stomach to flow back into the esophagus.
Diet
For many, diet is a large contributing factor of GERD. Certain types of food, such as caffeine, chocolate, and fatty, fried foods are known to weaken the sphincter and trigger the reflux. Cutting down on these foods, or eating them slowly and in moderation, can greatly lessen GERD symptoms.
Pregnancy and Other Causes
Obesity and pregnancy are major causes of GERD, as the pressure against the stomach can cause the sphincter to open and push food back into the esophagus. For those who are obese and suffer from GERD, losing weight can greatly lessen the effects. GERD symptoms generally subside shortly after pregnancy.
Conclusion
While some people develop GERD for no apparent reason, others have certain risk factors that increase their chances of suffering from GERD; these include obesity, pregnancy, smoking, having a hiatal hernia, or suffering from delayed stomach emptying. Talking to your doctor about the potential causes, as well as treatment, is important.
Long-term effects of esophageal reflux, such as erosion, can greatly increase your chances of developing esophageal cancer in the future. Keeping GERD under control is not only important for your quality of life, but also for your long-term health.
