If you or a loved one has recently been diagnosed with a cataract, you are probably wondering how the condition can be treated. The treatment for cataracts begins with an eye exam. Doctors are usually the first to notice that cataracts are developing during a routine exam. The change in vision that is significant enough to require treatment is determined by the patient. Developing cataracts rarely cause long-term damage.
Diagnosis
Symptoms are frequent eyeglass prescription changes, difficulty with night vision, glare, or blurry vision. Seven tests or procedures are conducted to determine if cataracts are the culprit. The visual acuity test is done with an eye chart test to measure distance and reading vision. Refraction will determine if glasses will improve vision. A variety of potential lighting sources will be used in a glare test to see if lighting conditions alter vision.
Ophthalmologists do potential acuity testing to get an idea what vision would be like after removing cataracts. The ability to differentiate shades of gray is tested with contrast sensitivity testing. Tonometry is a standard test to measure fluid pressure. Glaucoma may be indicated by increased pressure. Pupil dilation is done with eye drops that enlarge the pupil, and this allows the ophthalmologist to examine the retina and lens further. This is done to rule out other conditions that could ultimately limit vision.
Treatment
Early change in vision caused by cataracts may be treated with a new eyeglass or contact prescription, increased lighting, or magnifying glass use. Eventually, surgery will be the needed intervention to correct the problem. The degree of visual limitation is the deciding factor in opting for surgery.
The natural lens of the eye is vital because it focuses light and allows clear vision. When surgery is necessary, an artificial lens is implanted in or near the position of the natural lens. It is intended to remain there permanently, and no handling or maintenance is required. Focus is restored without affecting depth, peripheral vision, or image size.
Types of Lenses
Three types of intraocular style lenses are available for implantation. The most common is the monofocal lens. All regions of this lens have equal power. High-quality vision is provided at a single focal point. Spectacles are usually required for optimal vision. Astigmatism is not corrected with the monocular lens. Corrective lenses are needed for close-up tasks like writing and reading.
Distorted vision due to an oblong shaped cornea, which is typically called astigmatism, can be corrected with toric lenses. These lenses have more power in a specific region. They are positioned in a specific configuration. No spectacles are needed for this distance, but close-up work will require corrective lenses.
Multifocal lenses have different power in a variety of regions. Individuals can see distances that are near, medium, or distant. More glare is caused than by either the toric or monofocal lenses. Some patients require LASIK or some other surgery to maximize unaided vision or correct astigmatism.
