Bulimia is a type of eating disorder characterized by cycles of binging and purging. Binge eating is usually triggered the failure to stick to a restrictive diet. Overeating is then compensated for by purging, which can be done through self-induced vomiting or the use of enemas, laxatives, or diet pills. People with bulimia then return to severe dieting or excessive exercise, thus completing the cycle. If you are concerned that you or a loved one may be at risk for bulimia, here are some important risk factors to consider.
- Age - Bulimia most often begins in the late teenage years or early adulthood. The disorder is occasionally diagnosed in younger children or older adults.
- Gender - Bulimia is a disorder that overwhelmingly affects women, with 80% of those diagnosed with the condition being female.
- Family History - If your parent or sibling has been diagnosed with an eating disorder, you may be more likely to develop one as well, suggesting a possible genetic link. There is also some evidence that an imbalance of the brain chemical serotonin may play a role in eating disorders.
- Psychological Disorders - People who develop bulimia and other eating disorders often suffer from other psychological or emotional problems. Such problems may include low self-esteem, poor body image, perfectionist tendancies, difficulties with anger management, depression, anxiety disorders, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Traumatic events or a history of childhood abuse may also contribute to the development of bulimia.
- Major Life Changes - Bulimia can be triggered by the stress of adapting to changes or transitions in life, such as the physical changes of puberty, leaving home to attend college, ending a relationship, or the loss of a loved one.
- Social Pressure - Peer pressure and media portrayals of body image can drive a desire to be thin, especially for young women. The risk of developing bulimia increases for people who are overweight, as well as for those in image-conscious professions such as acting, modeling, or dancing.
- Sports-Performance Pressure - Athletes are often under pressure to lose weight or maintain strict diets in order to ensure a competitive edge. Sports that make particularly strong demands regarding diet and weight include gymnastics, wrestling, and running.
Considerations
The exact cause of bulimia is unknown, but most people with the disorder have an inability to manage emotions and social pressures in a healthy way. Bulimia has serious, potentially life-threatening consequences. It is important to understand the risk factors involved and to seek help if you suspect that you or a loved one has bulimia.
