Aphasias are a temporary, progressive, or permanent state of interference with language production or comprehension. There are several different types of aphasia, and all are characterized by particular difficulties. Numbers differ among organizations, but approximately one to two million Americans are affected by some form of aphasia. Since communication is at the root of all cultures, treating aphasia is of paramount importance. Here’s a look at treatment options for aphasias.
Lack of Treatment Options
Despite intensive amounts of research and study, experts still understand very little about the human brain. While two of the main areas associated with two of the more common types of aphasia have been pinpointed, there is still very little that can be done. There are no guaranteed cures, and there are certainly no quick fixes. Mild cases of brain damage may result in an eventual return to normalcy without the need for treatment, but there is no guarantee.
According to the National Aphasia Association (NAA), even with treatment, if the patient does not show a significant improvement within the first 2-3 months, chances are not good of a complete recovery. However, some people will continue to improve over the course of many years. The most important aspects of recovery include support, understanding on the part of the individual and their family, and learning how to compensate for things you can’t do.
Speech Language Pathology
Working closely with a speech language pathologist as soon as possible after the damage or trauma occurs is one of the most effective means of treatment at present. While it is possible to make serious progress, it is also very rare to return to a complete state of normalcy. According to the Mayo Clinic, the goal of speech therapy is to reteach the individual how to communicate. This might include regaining the language that used to be there, finding ways to work around the deficits in the individual’s ability to communicate, or communicate in new ways (such as sign language).
Therapy is most effective when begun immediately. Some studies have shown it may be beneficial to work in groups; this provides a safe space to work on tentative language abilities, as well as providing a means of support. In a modern era, computer programs have become key in relearning certain aspects of vocabulary. In any case, the speech-language therapist should tailor goals to meet the needs and wants of the affected individual, and never try to use a one size fits all method.
Pharmacology
Experts are in the process of figuring out how much medication can benefit aphasia patients. One of the biggest questions in this research is how much it can help in tandem with language therapy, which is currently the most effective tool at an aphasic’s disposal.
Memantine and piracetam are two of the most promising medications right now. These medications are intended to make blood flow in the brain better so that the neurotransmitters the brain is lacking can be more or less “refilled.” The increased blood flow may also help to speed the healing process, likely by increasing the amount of oxygen in the damaged areas.
