Bell’s palsy is a common type of facial paralysis that pops up out of nowhere and generally fades back into nonexistence. Although the cause is unknown, there are treatments that can help—although often everything will return to normal on its own. If you think you’re suffering from Bell’s palsy, it’s still important to go to the doctor to make sure it isn’t something more serious. Here is a look at the main aspects of this condition.
Bell's Palsy Causes
Researchers aren’t yet sure exactly what induces this state of facial paralysis. However, it is likely a virus that makes the facial muscle in charge of either side of the face becomes inflamed and swollen, making movement difficult. Not just one virus is linked to Bell’s palsy—chickenpox, herpes simplex, mononucleosis, mumps, rubella, coxsackie virus, the flu, and respiratory infections often appear closely with the condition.
Bell's Palsy Symptoms
Again, Bell’s palsy is a type of facial paralysis, occurring over a period of a few hours or days. This means one side of the face will begin to droop. Symptoms are at their worst two days after beginning, and it can take six months to go away. Rarely does the episode recur or occur permanently. It can be difficult to make facial expressions, like a smile. The facial nerve affected also relates to tears, taste, spit, and an ear bone. Thus, other symptoms may include:
- Drooling
- Dry mouth
- Excessive tearing in one eye
- Difficulty closing one eye
- Impaired taste
- Jaw pain
- Sensitivity to sound
- Headaches
Bell's Palsy Diagnosis
Although facial paralysis can be a side effect of a stroke, Bell’s palsy is not the same thing. In fact there are several things that facial paralysis can be a result of. There is not a specific test for the condition, but it is possible to institute other tests to make sure it’s not a similar disorder. Electromyography can check nerve damage, while imaging technology like CT scans allow the facial muscle in question to be viewed for inflammation or the presence of tumors which might push on the muscle.
Bell's Palsy Treatment
It’s not always totally necessary to get treatment for Bell’s palsy. In most cases, the paralysis disappears on its own over the course of several months. However, this doesn’t mean you shouldn’t go to a doctor or that there is nothing that can be done. Corticosteroids can reduce inflammation, aiding recovery. Antivirals used in combination with corticosteroids may be useful as well. If your eye refuses to shut at night, be sure to use additional lubrication to protect it. Over the counter anti-inflammatories and moist heat may be a relief for any contributing pain.
Physical therapy may also be necessary and/or helpful. The facial muscles, after long periods without use, become shorter and smaller. According to the Mayo Clinic, a physical therapist may be able to teach you exercises and massage techniques to keep this from happening. In very rare, severe circumstances, plastic surgery may be a last resort.
